7. Requirements Elicitation Techniques
  7.需求捕获技术
  Among the most common techniques used for requirements elicitation, are:
  · Interviews
  · Group meetings
  · Questionnaires
  在需求捕获中最常见的技术就是：
  · 用户访谈
  · 小组会议
  · 问卷表
  Each of these techniques works better in a particular kind of scenario and due care needs to be taken in deciding which one to use when. In most of the projects, none of these three techniques will alone suffice as the de-facto standard for RE. Instead the team will need to use a suitable combination of all three to target different subsets the from stakeholders’ community.
  上述的各种技术在特定场合都能很好发挥作用，应该好好的考虑在何时使用哪项技术。在大多数项目中，捕获需求不可能只采用某个技术。实际情况中，项目组会根据不同的风险承担人团体采用不同的方法。
  a. Interviews
  a. 用户访谈
  Interviews shall be done when
  · There is much knowledge with a few individuals
  · The team has the ability to meet them
  · When there is an inability to gather all stakeholders in one place at same time
  用户访谈一般在下列情况使用
  · 需要与少数几个人，进行大量的知识交流
  · 项目团队能够与他们会谈
  · 无法一次性收集所有风险承担人的需求
  The interview process has five steps:
  · Preparing for the interview
  · Planning and scheduling the interview
  · Opening and closing the interview
  · Conducting the interview
  · Following up for clarification
  用户访谈一般会经历五个阶段：
  · 准备访谈
  · 计划和安排访谈日程
  · 访谈开始和结束
  · 引导访谈
  · 后继的访谈整理工作
  Preparing for the Interview
  准备访谈
  Before undertaking an interview the analyst should have a good understanding of the organization, its industry setting and the project's scope and objectives. This involves reviewing:
  · Organization reports
  · Annual reports
  · Long-range planning documents
  · Statements of departmental goals
  · Existing procedure manuals and
  · Systems documentation
  在进行访谈前，需求分析者应该很好的理解组织结构，行业定位和项目范围和项目目标，访谈会涉及下面内容：
  · 组织结构报告
  · 年度报告
  · 长期发展计划
  · 部门目标的陈述
  · 已有程序手册
  · 系统文档
  Analysts must understand common industry terms (glossary) and be somewhat familiar with the business problems of the industry.
  需求分析者应该理解一般的行业术语（术语表）并且还要熟悉行业上的业务问题

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