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需求捕获的问题可以分为三类:
范围的问题,需求陈述的信息过多或是过少。
理解的问题:用户不完全理解自己的需要需求分析人员对于问题域缺乏足够的知识忽略一些“明显”的信息。
不同用户的看法有冲突语句含糊和无法测试的需求。例如“用户界面友好”或“高性能”
需求不稳定的问题。例如需求本身的改变/拓展。
Elicitation techniques need to be broad enough to establish the boundary conditions for the target system, and yet focus on creation of requirements as opposed to design activities. RE must begin with an organizational and contextual analysis to determine the objectives and boundary of the target system. Avoiding contextual issues may result in incomplete, unusable and un-verifiable requirements.
捕获需求的范围应比较宽广,这样可以为目标系统制定一个适当的边界。捕获需求注重于产生需求而不是设计活动。捕获需求一般从组织结构和上下文范围开始分析,来界定目标系统的边界。要避免上下文范围问题可能导致的不完全,不可用和无法验证的需求。
Elicitation must focus on creation of requirements, not design activities in order to adequately address the users‘ concerns. Focus on broader design activities improperly emphasizes developers’ issues over users‘ needs and may result in poor requirements. Requirements in the form of high-level design run the risk of being un-verifiable by the user, as user might not understand the design language. There are at least three broad contexts concerned to RE:
捕获专注于需求而不是设计,这是为了充分了解用户的关注点。专注于设计会不适当的强调开发问题而忽略用户的需要,导致失败的需求。需求中掺杂了设计,会使用户无法验证需求,同时用户可能无法理解设计方面的语言。在需求获取中有三个较大的领域需要特别注意:
Organization o Submitters of the input to the target system o Users of the output of target system o Ways in which target system will change the organization’s means of doing business
组织机构目标系统输入信息的提供人员使用目标系统输出信息的用户目标系统可能改变组织机构的业务流程。
Environment o Hardware and software constraints imposed on the target system o Maturity of target system‘s domain o Certainty of the target system’s interfaces to the larger system o The target system‘s role within a larger system
环境目标系统的软,硬件限制。
目标系统问题域的成熟程度。
目标系统的界面与组织现有大部分系统界面风格一致。
目标系统与组织现有其他系统的关系。
Project o Attributes of different stakeholders e.g. management style, domain/computer experience o Constraints imposed e.g. cost, quality, timelines, etc.
项目不同风险承担人的特点,如管理风格,问题域/计算机经验。
其他约束条件,如资金,质量,时间期限。
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